Al-Husseini was the scion of a family of
Jerusalemite notables,[SUP]
[9][/SUP] who trace their origins to the grandson of
Muhammad.[SUP]
[10][/SUP] After receiving an education in
Islamic,
Ottoman and
Catholic schools, he went on to serve in the
Ottoman army in
World War I. At war's end he stationed himself in
Damascus as a supporter of the
Arab Kingdom of Syria. Following the fiasco of the
Franco-Syrian War and the collapse of the
Arab Hashemite rule in Damascus, his early position on
pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for Palestinian Arabs and he moved back to Jerusalem. From as early as 1920 he actively opposed
Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of the
1920 Nebi Musa riots. Al-Husseini was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment but was pardoned by the British.[SUP]
[11][/SUP] In 1921 the
British High Commissioner appointed him
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, a position he used to promote
Islam while rallying a non-confessional
Arab nationalism against Zionism.[SUP]
[12][/SUP][SUP]
[13]
[/SUP]
His opposition to the British peaked during the
1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. In 1937, evading an arrest warrant, he fled Palestine and took refuge successively in the
French Mandate of Lebanon and the
Kingdom of Iraq, until he established himself in
Fascist Italy and
Nazi Germany. During
World War II he collaborated with both Italy and Germany by making propagandistic radio broadcasts and by helping the Nazis recruit Bosnian Muslims for the
Waffen-SS (on the ground that they shared four principles: family, order, the leader and faith). Also, as he told the recruits, Germany had not colonized any Arab country while Russia and England had.[SUP]
[14][/SUP] On meeting
Adolf Hitler he requested backing for Arab independence and support in opposing the establishment in Palestine of a Jewish national home. At the war's end he came under French protection, and then sought refuge in Cairo to avoid prosecution.