I am aware of alternative battery chemistries unlike you. I don't see anything replacing lithium ion for at least a decade.
Lithium metal batteries are extremely dangerous. They are not rechargeable. Lithium oxide batteries are, and are somewhat safer (battery fires are intense class A fires, like a firework). Their big advantage is weight. These are the lightest weight batteries for the power available in them. They also have a reasonably low internal resistance, making them ideal for small lightweight portable devices like phones and portable video game consoles, RC vehicles, and even passenger cars. Charging them is a bit tricky, since over current or over voltage can cause a fire. Their use is also a bit tricky. Over currents can cause a fire. Current MUST be limited to a safe value at all times. These batteries are also not very recyclable. It can be done, but it requires special equipment that is costly. It's cheaper in most cases to simply discard the battery into a landfill and manufacture a new battery from lithium ore.
Lead-acid batteries are an excellent battery, if light weight isn't a concern. Indeed, in some cases, the weight of this battery is advantageous, acting as a counterweight in a forklift, for example.
These batteries are cheap, easily recyclable, and require only lead, a weak sulfuric acid solution for the electrolyte, and a lead oxide paste on one of the plates (giving it a different work function), and of course a plastic case to but it all in. These batteries have one of the lowest internal resistances, which makes them ideal for high current applications where weight is not a major factor. Starter motors, electric fork lifts, and some electric cars (well, anvil really

) are typical uses of this battery.
Silver oxide cells (some coin style cells) and alkaline based batteries (these batteries come in sizes ranging from AAAA, AAA, AA, A, B, C, D, and N) are not usually considered rechargeable (although it is possible to recharge some types a few times). These are the so-called 'disposable' batteries, and are commonly used in cameras, flashlights (torches for you in the UK

), hearing aids, some smaller computers, remote controls, etc.
There is no 'best' battery. Each battery is suited to it's purpose. Each has it's advantages and disadvantages.