The Texas State Constitution does not prohibit carrying of any arm anywhere. It does give the legislature authority to regulate how they are carried, but that is all. It does NOT give the legislature authority to determine WHAT can be carried. The court is NOT given the authority of any of this at all. They cannot change the Texas Constitution.
The state constitution does not prohibit it, but that does not mean state law cannot regulate it. Until fairly recently (1995), a person could not carry a pistol in their car and there was no law allowing a person to carry a pistol. You could carry a long gun. The state constitution allows a person to carry a pistol while "traveling" which was subject to different interpretations over the years.
Today, a person can carry a gun with a concealed weapon permit (1995) or open carry (2015) but they still need the permit.
"The first Texas law against concealed and open carry was “An Act to Regulate the Keeping and Bearing of Deadly Weapons, Law of April 12, 1871, ch. 34, §1, 1871 Tex. Gen. Laws 25” passed as part of the Reconstruction. That law was not substantially modified until 1995.
In many ways the Texas process was typical. The push started with proposed laws in 1983, 1985, 1987 and 1989 (the Texas Legislature meeting only on odd numbered years). The 1991 attempt came closer to passing, but failed to gain enough support in the Legislature, and was amended to death."
Article 1, Section 23 states: “Every citizen shall have the right to keep and bear arms in the lawful defense of himself or the State; but the Legislature shall have power, by law, to regulate the wearing of arms, with a view to prevent crime.”