Not in international waters!
Sorta.
U.S. law enforcement or military actions are guided by international law and U.S. policy, not constitutional due process.
However, if a U.S. citizen is detained by U.S. authorities in international waters, certain due process principles might apply indirectly, depending on the context (e.g., extradition to U.S. soil).
Courts have ruled that constitutional protections may extend to citizens abroad in specific circumstances, but this is limited and case-specific.
Non-citizens in international waters generally have no claim to U.S. due process unless brought under U.S. jurisdiction.
Legal standards in such cases often depend on international treaties or customary law.
The killing of suspected drug smugglers by the U.S. military in international waters could potentially violate international law, depending on the circumstances, as it involves complex legal principles under international maritime law, human rights law, and the law of the sea.
If the U.S. military kills suspected smugglers without evidence of an imminent threat, without attempting non-lethal measures, or without proper identification of the vessel’s status (e.g., flag state or statelessness), it could be deemed an unlawful use of force. This might violate UNCLOS, human rights law, or customary international law.
In the above case, the U.S. has framed this as a "non-international armed conflict" under Article 51 of the UN Charter, allowing military engagement with cartels treated as unlawful combatants.