Your example has nothing to do with the 4th Amendment. It might violate federal privacy laws (I do not know enough about them to have an opinion); and/or you may be able to bring civil suit against Facebook if you can prove damages. But, since the government did not use the information to bring criminal charges against you, the 4th is not relevant.
There are companies that have been collecting data and putting Americans into categories for purposes of marketing and political campaigns before Facebook. Below is a link to some very interesting charts about "nano-targeting" that targets groups for political purposes based on Democratic and Republican choices of alcohol choice, vehicle, restaurants, news choices...........
https://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/let-the-nanotargeting-begin/
"Who would have guessed that the most Democratic drink by a long shot is Cognac, or that such lite beers as Amstel Lite, Michelob Ultra, Miller Lite and Sam Adams Light tilt so far to the political right, while Bud, Miller High Life, and Natural Lite are Democratic?"