And crimes against people based on their ethnicity, sexual orientation etc, are designed not just to victimize the person against whom the crime was committed but to cause fear and apprehension in all people similarly situated. The Klan didn't burn crosses in a yard just to scare the home owner, it was a warning to all. Lynchings were not meant to just kill the person lynched but to warn all against being in the wrong part of town, sleeping with the wrong color woman, seeking rights. So hate crimes actually victimize more than just the intended victim. Shouldn't they also be punished accordingly?