How States Verify Voted Absentee/Mail Ballots
The most common method to verify that absentee/mail ballots come from the intended voter is to conduct signature verification.
When voters return an absentee/mail ballot, they must sign an affidavit on the ballot envelope.
When the ballot is returned to the election office, election officials have a process for examining each and every signature and comparing it to other documents in their files that contain the voter signature—usually the voter registration record.
If a ballot is missing a signature or the signature does not match the one on file, some states offer voters the opportunity to “cure” their ballots.
An election official will contact the voter explaining the problem and asking them to verify their information and that that they did in fact cast the ballot.
Some states have other methods for verifying absentee/mail ballots, such as requiring voters to provide a copy of an identification document or to have the absentee/mail ballot witnessed or notarized.
Thirty-one states conduct signature verification on returned absentee/mail ballots:
- Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington and West Virginia.
Ten states, the Virgin Islands and Washington, D.C., verify that an absentee/mail ballot envelope has been signed but do not conduct signature verification:
- Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Maryland, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia and Wyoming.
Seven states require the signature of a witness in addition to the voter’s signature:
- Alabama (two witnesses or a notary), Alaska (witness or notary), Louisiana, Minnesota (witness or notary), North Carolina (two witnesses or a notary), South Carolina and Wisconsin.
Three states require the absentee/mail ballot envelope to be notarized:
- Mississippi, Missouri and Oklahoma.
Arkansas requires a copy of the voter’s ID to be returned with the absentee/mail ballot.
Georgia requires the voter’s driver’s license number or state identification card number, which is compared with the voter’s registration record.
Minnesota and Ohio also require this information, though Minnesota also requires a witness signature, and Ohio conducts signature verification.
States also verify absentee ballot applications.
Note: The federal Help America Vote Act (HAVA) places additional identification requirements on first-time voters who registered by mail.
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