The East Wing's origins date to 1902, during President Theodore Roosevelt's extensive renovations of the White House. Facing overcrowding in the aging mansion, Roosevelt commissioned architect Charles Follen McKim to redesign the interior and grounds. The initial East Wing was a modest, single-story structure built primarily as a public and formal visitors' entrance, alleviating pressure on the main residence. This addition marked the first permanent expansion eastward, creating a distinct entry point for non-residential functions and setting the stage for future developments.
The most significant historical transformation occurred in 1942 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, amid World War II preparations. The East Wing was doubled in size with the addition of a second story, converting it from a simple entrance into a functional office complex. This expansion included:
- Office space for the First Lady and her staff, a role that persists today (e.g., housing the Office of the First Lady, social secretary, and correspondence teams).
- The Presidential Emergency Operations Center (PEOC), a secure underground bunker built beneath the wing for wartime continuity of government—famously used on September 11, 2001.
- Supporting facilities like the White House theater (also known as the Family Theater) along the East Colonnade, a corridor linking the wing to the Executive Residence.
Minor modifications occurred over decades, such as updates to the adjacent Jacqueline Kennedy Garden and East Colonnade. The wing also housed ancillary offices like the White House Travel Office and Military Office.
As of October 2025, the East Wing is undergoing its most transformative changes since 1942 to accommodate President Donald Trump's proposed White House State Ballroom, a long-envisioned addition to enhance entertaining capacity. Announced in July 2025, the $250 million project—100% funded by President Trump and private donors—aims to create a bulletproof glass-walled venues, seating for up to 1,000 guests, and capacity for events like state visits. Demolition began on October 20, 2025. The administration describes this as a "full modernization", with East Wing offices (including the First Lady's) temporarily relocated.