http://amper.ped.muni.cz/jenik/dirs/gw/dirs/diagnosis/fig_cz/.w/stroeve_sea_ice2007.pdf
ARCTIC ICE LOSS—FASTER THAN FORECAST
References
Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally (1996), Sea ice
concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I passive microwave
data,
http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html, Natl. Snow and Ice
Data Cent., Boulder, Colo. (updated 2006)
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, and K. Y. Vinnikov (2003), 30-Year
satellite record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice
variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1970, doi:10.1029/
2003GL018031.
Comiso, J. (2003), Arctic warming signals from clear-sky surface temperature
satellite observations, J. Clim., 16, 3498 – 3510.
Fetterer, F., and K. Knowles (2004), Sea ice index monitors polar ice extent,
Eos Trans. AGU, 85(16), 163.
Gille, S. T. (2002), Warming of the southern ocean since the 1950s, Science,
295, 1275 – 1277.
Gillett, N. (2005), Northern Hemisphere circulation, Nature, 437, 496,
doi:10.1038/437496a.
Gillett, N. P., M. P. Baldwin, and M. R. Allen (2003), Climate change and
the North Atlantic Oscillation, in The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate
Significance and Environmental Impact, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 134,
edited by J. W. Hurrell et al., pp.193 – 209, AGU, Washington, D. C.
Holland, M. M. (2003), Polar amplification of climate change in coupled
models, Clim Dyn., 21, 221 – 232, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6.
Holland, M. M., C. M. Bitz, E. C. Hunke, W. H. Lipscomb, and J. L.
Schramm (2006a), Influence of the sea ice thickness distribution on polar
climate in CCSM3, J. Clim., 19, 2398 – 2414.
Holland, M. M., C. M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay (2006b), Future abrupt
reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L23503, doi:10.1029/2006GL028024.
Martinson, D. G. (2005), Distribution and ventilation of ocean heat on the
western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Abstr., 7,
10293, sref:1607-7962/gra/EGU05-A-10293.
Maslanik, J., S. Drobot, C. Fowler, W. Emery, and R. Barry (2007), On the
Arctic climate paradox and the continuing role of atmospheric circulation
in affecting sea ice conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03711,
doi:10.1029/2006GL028269.
McLaren, A. J., et al. (2006), Evaluation of the sea ice simulation in a new
coupled atmosphere-ocean climate model (HadGEM1), J. Geophys. Res.,
111, C12014, doi:10.1029/2005JC003033.
Meehl, G. A., W. M. Washington, B. D. Santer, W. D. Collins, J. M.
Arblaster, A. Hu, D. M. Lawrence, H. Teng, L. E. Buja, and W. G. Strand
(2006), Climate change projections for the Twenty-First century and
climate change commitment in the CCSM3, J. Clim., 19, 2597 – 2616.
Meier, W. N., J. Stroeve, and F. Fetterer (2007), Whither Arctic sea ice?: A
clear signal of decline regionally, seasonally, and extending beyond the
satellite record, Ann. Glaciol., 46, in press.
Polyakov, I. V., et al. (2005), One more step toward a warmer Arctic,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17605, doi:10.1029/2005GL023740.
Raphael, M. N., and M. M. Holland (2005), Twentieth century simulation
of the southern hemisphere climate in coupled models. Part 1: Large scale
circulation variability, Clim. Dyn., 26, 217 – 228, doi:10.1007/s00382 –
005 – 0082 – 8.
Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander,
D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan (2003), Global analyses of sea
surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the
late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D14), 4407, doi:10.1029/
2002JD002670.
Rigor, I. G., and J. M. Wallace (2004), Variations in the age of sea-ice and
summer sea-ice extent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09401, doi:10.1029/
2004GL019492.
Rigor, I. G., J. M. Wallace, and R. L. Colony (2002), Response of sea ice to
the Arctic oscillation, J. Clim., 15, 2648 – 2663.
Serreze, M. C., and J. Francis (2006), The Arctic amplification debate,
Clim. Change, 76, 241 – 264, doi:10.10007/s10584 – 005 – 9017.
Sewall, J. O., and L. C. Sloan (2004), Disappearing Arctic sea ice reduces
available water in the American west, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L06209,
doi:10.1029/2003GL019133.
Shimada, K., T. Kamoshida, M. Itoh, S. Nishino, E. Carmack,
F. McLaughlin, S. Zimmermann, and A. Proshutinsky (2006), Pacific
Ocean inflow: Influence on catastrophic reduction of sea ice cover in
the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08605, doi:10.1029/
2005GL025624.
Stenchikov, G., K. Hamilton, R. J. Stouffer, A. Robock, V. Ramaswamy,
B. Santer, and H.-F. Graf (2006), Arctic Oscillation response to volcanic
eruptions in the IPCC AR4 climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 111,
D07107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006286.
Thompson, D., and S. Solomon (2002), Interpretation of recent Southern
Hemisphere climate change, Science, 296, 895 – 899.
Tremblay, L. B., M. M. Holland, I. V. Gorodetskaya, and G. A. Schmidt
(2007), An ice-free Arctic? Opportunities for computational science,
J. Comput. Sci. Eng., 9(3), 65 – 74.
Zhang, X., and J. E. Walsh (2006), Towards a seasonally ice-covered Arctic
Ocean: Scenarios from the IPCC AR4 simulations, J. Clim., 19, 1730 –
1747.
Zwally, J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, and P. Gloerson
(2002), Variability of Antarctic sea ice, 1979 – 1998, J. Geophys. Res.,
107(C5), 3041, doi:10.1029/2000JC000733.
W. Meier, T. Scambos, M. Serreze, and J. Stroeve, National Snow and Ice
Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449, USA. (stroeve@
kryos.colorado.edu)
M. M. Holland, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Earth and
Sun Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research,
P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.