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great, dunceler's inner retard is showing again...let us all thank onceler for bringing up race in every thread on the board
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
Huh? WTF are you talking about. Hell all I asked for was peer reviewed data.lol....tom completely pwned legion and mopp
notice how mott was quick to accept the OP, but when tom posted another study, he all of a sudden wants "peer" review....
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
ROTFLMOA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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I do often wonder how the peers who do the reviewing are chosen, it does seem to be a bit of an old boy's network at times.
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It should also be pointed out that warm water absorbs less CO[SUB]2[/SUB] than cold water, hence there is an inbuilt mechanism to counteract acidification of the oceans. There is a body of research to indicate that corals are far more resilient to temperature changes than previously thought. Actually to my mind it is fairly self evident else how could they survive over so many millenia?
http://joannenova.com.au/2011/11/the-chemistry-of-ocean-ph-and-acidification/
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Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
I wouldn't go down the "conspiracy theory" road if I was you Tom. Peer review, as I'm sure you know, means that your work is submitted to qualified academic peers in that area of research to review. If the findings are accepted then the research is published. It is hardly a "good ole boy" process as those peers have no vested interest in your research. In fact, it's usually the opposite as peer review is most often quite competitive with comptetive researchers publishing competitive findings and conclusion. That makes building a consensus in the scientific community of anything exceedingly difficult.
That also means that the scientific conspiracy theorist are mostly just plain wacko.
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
Do you deny that there are a lot of people who deny the scientific consensus about anthroprogenic climate change?
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do you deny that you didn't ask for "peer review" until someone posted a study that didn't conform to your world view?
I've linked it before and you ignored it then. why would I bother again? google coccoliths ph calcium
then click Scholarly articles for coccoliths ph calcium
Now you too can verify that the ocean life adapts to changes.
LOL you worship scientists. they're just people, dude. they lie cheat and steal just like everyone
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
Anthropogenic climate change Tinkerbell.
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
I think you're misinterpreting this article. It doesn't dispute oceanic acidification at all. This article is proposing that with out an understanding of environmental variability of oceanic pH that there is a gap in the current data on the biological and ecological consequences of oceanic acidification on biogenic calcifiation. In fact the bent of this article is the development of a method that can measure this environmental variability. Again, this article does not dispute oceanic acidification.
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Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
Yes, yes this is just some grand conspiracy by thousands of competing scientist from all over the world who are focused on denying you your right to drive your F-150. I do see your point.
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Yes, it is saying that the current knowledge is inadequate and needs far more research. One thing I have never been able to understand though is how can more CO2 be absorbed by the oceans if they get warmer due to global warming? The solubility of gases are inversely proportional to the temperature so there ought to be less not more absorption.
Mott the Hoople
Sweet Jane
Well yes certainly more research needs to be done. No one is disputing that and I do understand your question. However your talking about a solution in equilibrium. The ocean is hardly that.
Does this take into account absorbtion by flora and fauna?
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There is considerable current concern that the ongoing rise in the air's CO2 content is causing a significant drop in the pH of the world's oceans in response to their absorption of a large fraction of each year's anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been estimated, for example, that the globe's seawater has been acidified (actually made less basic) by about 0.1 pH unit relative to what it was in pre-industrial times; and model calculations imply an additional 0.7-unit drop by the year 2300 (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003), which decline is hypothesized to cause great harm to calcifying marine life such as corals. But just how valid are these claims? Whenever the results of theoretical calculations are proposed as the basis for a crisis of some kind or other, it is always good to compare their predictions against what is known about the phenomenon in the real world. In the case of oceanic pH, for example, Liu et al. (2009) write in an important new paper that "the history of ocean pH variation during the current interglacial (Holocene) remains largely unknown," and that it "would provide critical insights on the possible impact of acidification on marine ecosystems." Hence, they set about to provide just such a context.
Working with eighteen samples of fossil and modern Porites corals recovered from the South China Sea, the nine researchers employed [SUP]14[/SUP]C dating using the liquid scintillation counting method, along with positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry to generate high precision δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B (boron) data, from which they reconstructed the paleo-pH record of the past 7000 years that is depicted in the figure below.
Reconstructed pH history of the South China Sea. Created from Table 1 of Liu et al. (2009).
As can be seen from this figure, there is nothing unusual, unnatural or unprecedented about the two most recent pH values. They are neither the lowest of the record, nor is the decline rate that led to them the greatest of the record. Hence, there is no compelling reason to believe they were influenced in any way by the nearly 40% increase in the air's CO2 concentration that has occurred to date over the course of the Industrial Revolution. As for the prior portion of the record, Liu et al. note that there is also "no correlation between the atmospheric CO2 concentration record from Antarctica ice cores and δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B-reconstructed paleo-pH over the mid-late Holocene up to the Industrial Revolution."
Further enlightenment comes from the earlier work of Pelejero et al. (2005), who developed a more refined history of seawater pH spanning the period 1708-1988 (depicted in the figure below), based on δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B data obtained from a massive Porites coral from Flinders Reef in the western Coral Sea of the southwestern Pacific. These researchers also found that "there is no notable trend toward lower δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B values." Instead, they discovered that "the dominant feature of the coral δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B record is a clear interdecadal oscillation of pH, with δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B values ranging between 23 and 25 per mil (7.9 and 8.2 pH units)," which they say "is synchronous with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation."
Reconstructed pH history of Flinders Reef of the Western Coral Sea of the Southwestern Pacific. Adapted from Pelejero et al. (2005).
Going one step further, Pelejero et al. also compared their results with coral extension and calcification rates obtained by Lough and Barnes (1997) over the same 1708-1988 time period; and as best we can determine from their graphical representations of these two coral growth parameters, extension rates over the last 50 years of this period were about 12% greater than they were over the first 50 years, while calcification rates were approximately 13% greater over the last 50 years.
Most recently, Wei et al. (2009) derived the pH history of Arlington Reef (off the north-east coast of Australia) that is depicted in the figure below. As can be seen there, there was a ten-year pH minimum centered at about 1935 (which obviously was not CO2-induced) and a shorter more variable minimum at the end of the record (which also was not CO2-induced); and apart from these two non-CO2-related exceptions, the majority of the data once again fall within a band that exhibits no long-term trend, such as would be expected to have occurred if the gradual increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration since the inception of the Industrial Revolution were truly making the global ocean less basic.
Reconstructed pH history of Arlington Reef off the northeast coast of Australia. Adapted from Wei et al. (2009).
In light of these several diverse and independent assessments of the two major aspects of the ocean acidification hypothesis -- a CO2-induced decline in oceanic pH that leads to a concomitant decrease in coral growth rate -- it would appear that the catastrophe conjured up by the world's climate alarmists is but a wonderful work of fiction.
Sherwood, Keith and Craig Idso
References
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M.E. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425: 365.
Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J. Liu, G. and Chou, C.-L. 2009. Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 1264-1272.
Lough, J.M. and Barnes, D.J. 1997. Several centuries of variation in skeletal extension, density and calcification in massive Porites colonies from the Great Barrier Reef: A proxy for seawater temperature and a background of variability against which to identify unnatural change. Journal of Experimental and Marine Biology and Ecology 211: 29-67.
Pelejero, C., Calvo, E., McCulloch, M.T., Marshall, J.F., Gagan, M.K., Lough, J.M. and Opdyke, B.N. 2005. Preindustrial to modern interdecadal variability in coral reef pH. Science 309: 2204-2207.
Wei, G., McCulloch, M.T., Mortimer, G., Deng, W. and Xie, L. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 2332-2346.
http://co2science.org/articles/V12/N22/EDIT.php
Working with eighteen samples of fossil and modern Porites corals recovered from the South China Sea, the nine researchers employed [SUP]14[/SUP]C dating using the liquid scintillation counting method, along with positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry to generate high precision δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B (boron) data, from which they reconstructed the paleo-pH record of the past 7000 years that is depicted in the figure below.
Reconstructed pH history of the South China Sea. Created from Table 1 of Liu et al. (2009).
As can be seen from this figure, there is nothing unusual, unnatural or unprecedented about the two most recent pH values. They are neither the lowest of the record, nor is the decline rate that led to them the greatest of the record. Hence, there is no compelling reason to believe they were influenced in any way by the nearly 40% increase in the air's CO2 concentration that has occurred to date over the course of the Industrial Revolution. As for the prior portion of the record, Liu et al. note that there is also "no correlation between the atmospheric CO2 concentration record from Antarctica ice cores and δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B-reconstructed paleo-pH over the mid-late Holocene up to the Industrial Revolution."
Further enlightenment comes from the earlier work of Pelejero et al. (2005), who developed a more refined history of seawater pH spanning the period 1708-1988 (depicted in the figure below), based on δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B data obtained from a massive Porites coral from Flinders Reef in the western Coral Sea of the southwestern Pacific. These researchers also found that "there is no notable trend toward lower δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B values." Instead, they discovered that "the dominant feature of the coral δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B record is a clear interdecadal oscillation of pH, with δ[SUP]11[/SUP]B values ranging between 23 and 25 per mil (7.9 and 8.2 pH units)," which they say "is synchronous with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation."
Reconstructed pH history of Flinders Reef of the Western Coral Sea of the Southwestern Pacific. Adapted from Pelejero et al. (2005).
Going one step further, Pelejero et al. also compared their results with coral extension and calcification rates obtained by Lough and Barnes (1997) over the same 1708-1988 time period; and as best we can determine from their graphical representations of these two coral growth parameters, extension rates over the last 50 years of this period were about 12% greater than they were over the first 50 years, while calcification rates were approximately 13% greater over the last 50 years.
Most recently, Wei et al. (2009) derived the pH history of Arlington Reef (off the north-east coast of Australia) that is depicted in the figure below. As can be seen there, there was a ten-year pH minimum centered at about 1935 (which obviously was not CO2-induced) and a shorter more variable minimum at the end of the record (which also was not CO2-induced); and apart from these two non-CO2-related exceptions, the majority of the data once again fall within a band that exhibits no long-term trend, such as would be expected to have occurred if the gradual increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration since the inception of the Industrial Revolution were truly making the global ocean less basic.
Reconstructed pH history of Arlington Reef off the northeast coast of Australia. Adapted from Wei et al. (2009).
In light of these several diverse and independent assessments of the two major aspects of the ocean acidification hypothesis -- a CO2-induced decline in oceanic pH that leads to a concomitant decrease in coral growth rate -- it would appear that the catastrophe conjured up by the world's climate alarmists is but a wonderful work of fiction.
Sherwood, Keith and Craig Idso
References
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M.E. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425: 365.
Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J. Liu, G. and Chou, C.-L. 2009. Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 1264-1272.
Lough, J.M. and Barnes, D.J. 1997. Several centuries of variation in skeletal extension, density and calcification in massive Porites colonies from the Great Barrier Reef: A proxy for seawater temperature and a background of variability against which to identify unnatural change. Journal of Experimental and Marine Biology and Ecology 211: 29-67.
Pelejero, C., Calvo, E., McCulloch, M.T., Marshall, J.F., Gagan, M.K., Lough, J.M. and Opdyke, B.N. 2005. Preindustrial to modern interdecadal variability in coral reef pH. Science 309: 2204-2207.
Wei, G., McCulloch, M.T., Mortimer, G., Deng, W. and Xie, L. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: 2332-2346.
http://co2science.org/articles/V12/N22/EDIT.php