The more appropriate question would be do you get closer to a balanced budget by increasing taxes, or cutting spending? In most cases, increasing income is, by far, the harder to come by. Who would NOT be making more if they could do so (all else being equal)? Surely if a person finds themselves accumulating debt, or wants to be able to afford a newer car, or a bigger house, etc, they are not going to simply decide to start making more money. If that were possible they'd already be doing so. They will have to cut back on other expenses to keep within their means. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases the far more EFFECTIVE way to arrive at a balanced budget would be to cut spending.
And government is no different in this basic principle. Increasing revenues is not a simple matter of increasing rates. Increased rates invariably have secondary and tertiary effects which result in changes in the way money travels through the economy, so much so that increased rates on upper income brackets can, in some circumstances (such as a sluggish or depressed economy) result in reduced revenues. In fact, the threat of increased taxes is a primary factor in the sluggishness of our economy. With the expiration of the Bush tax cuts looming yet again, businesses are putting off any thoughts of expanding or rehiring until the question of taxes is resolved in some manner. So, as with the individual, with no magical formula available to simply increase revenues to the needed point, the only assured method of arriving at a balanced budget is to cut spending first, then see how much more revenue is needed AFTER the cuts.
So comes the associated question, do you get more taxes by increasing rates, or by doing other things, such as instilling policies that will help put 9 million people back to work? (and no, simply cutting taxes more, at this juncture, would NOT be a significant jobs-generating policy, though making the Bush cuts permanent would certainly have a positive effect.) The additional tax revenues generated by 9 million working people will at least approach, if not exceed the revenues of higher taxes on the rich (not to mention easing the strain on government programs). And even MORE, those 9 million people would also be adding some half-trillion annually to the total economy (based on current median income figures), not just tax revenues, whereas increasing taxes would REMOVE more money from the economy.
And, with jobs (or lack thereof) being the #1 economic issue of concern, if someone can explain to me how taxing the rich more will put people back to work, I'll listen. But I highly doubt anyone can make a legitimate link between the two actions.