You are incredibly uneducated.
So, you can not post a case where the FCC mandate has been successfully challenged.
You could have just said so.
Oh those pesky complex issues...that you have no clue about.
I know how to spell "FCC" correctly.
And I know how to do a Star and Delta formations of Resistances
"In this section we will understand what are star and delta formations of resistances and also try to identify them in simple circuits.
Star and delta formations of resistances is a standard 3-phase circuit or network of resistances connected in the same way as their name suggests.
Star formation of resistances looks like this:
Delta formation of resistances looks like this:
The key to solving problems is to identify them in a simple circuit.
Delta to Star transformation
In this section we will convert Delta formation of resistances to Star formation resistances.
Here is the formula for transformation-
R12=R1.R2R1+R2+R3R12=R1+R2+R3R1.R2
Note that the above formula is cyclic in nature hence it works the same for R23R23 and R31R31.
Show that R12=R1.R2R1+R2+R3R12=R1+R2+R3R1.R2
Lets consider the resistance from AA to CC:
RAC,left=R2RAC,left=R2 in parallel with R1+R3R1+R3
RAC,left=R2(R1+R3)R2+R1+R3RAC,left=R2+R1+R3R2(R1+R3)
RAC,right=R12+R23RAC,right=R12+R23
Equating the two:
R2(R1+R3)R2+R1+R3=R12+R23R2+R1+R3R2(R1+R3)=R12+R23
Similarly:
R3(R2+R1)R3+R2+R1=R23+R31R3+R2+R1R3(R2+R1)=R23+R31
R1(R3+R2)R1+R3+R2=R31+R12R1+R3+R2R1(R3+R2)=R31+R12
Adding the first two equations, and subtracting the middle equation gives:
(R31+R12)+(R12+R23)−(R23+R31)=R1(R3+R2)R1+R3+R2+R2(R1+R3)R2+R1+R3−R3(R2+R1)R3+R2+R1(R31+R12)+(R12+R23)−(R23+R31)=R1+R3+R2R1(R3+R2)+R2+R1+R3R2(R1+R3)−R3+R2+R1R3(R2+R1)
2R12=2R1R2R1+R2+R32R12=R1+R2+R32R1R2
R12=R1R2R1+R2+R3R12=R1+R2+R3R1R2
Star to Delta transformation
In this section we will convert Star formation of resistances to Delta formation resistances.
We will do this by finding equivalent resitances in place of resistances given in the problem.
For example,
In order to replace R1R1 and R2R2 (See Star formation) in the given diagram we will be there equivalent, that is R12R12 (See Delta formation).
Here is the formula for transformation-
R12=R1+R2+R1.R2R3R12=R1+R2+R3R1.R2
Note that the above formula is cyclic in nature hence it works the same for R23R23 and R31R31.
Prove that R12=R1+R2+R1.R2R3R12=R1+R2+R3R1.R2
This is the same setup as in the previous setup, with the resistors renamed as follows:
R1→R23R1→R23
R2→R13R2→R13
R3→R12R3→R12
R23→R1R23→R1
R13→R2R13→R2
R12→R3R12→R3
So, the general results of the above proof become:
R3=R23R13R1+R13+R12R3=R1+R13+R12R23R13
And similarly:
R1=R13R12R1+R12+R23R1=R1+R12+R23R13R12 R2=R12R23R1+R23+R13R2=R1+R23+R13R12R23
So,
R1+R2+R1R2R12=R12(R23+R13)R23+R13+R12+R13R12R23R12R23R13R1+R2+R12R1R2=R23+R13+R12R12(R23+R13)+R23R13R13R12R23R12
R1+R2+R1R2R12=R12(R23+R13+R12)R23+R13+R12R1+R2+R12R1R2=R23+R13+R12R12(R23+R13+R12)
R1+R2+R1R2R12=R12R1+R2+R12R1R2=R12
QED
Find the equivalent resistance in the given circuit diagram (in terms of RR)-
In order to solve this question, we will transform the circuit and apply the formula side by side-
Notice the highlighted area in the circuit, and then observe the change. Can you identify this transformation (Is it Star-to-Delta or Delta-to-Star)?
Next we will do the same to the other side of the circuit. It will look like this-
Now observe-
Congratulations! We have transformed a complex looking circuit into a simple circuit we can easily solve.
Wasn't that easy? Note that the method shown in this example is not the only way to solve the question. Try transforming other points, make your own way.
Overall answer to the question is 2R332R.
Find the resistance between A and B if each resistor measures 1Ω.Ω.
Question section (Intermediate)
Determine the resistance in ohms between the points A and B (equivalent resistance) of the circuit shown below. All the values of the resistances are given in ohms.
Above shows an arrangement of resistors. Each resistor has a resistance of 1 ohm. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the arrangement
Question section (Advanced)
If the equivalent resistance between points AA and BB of the circuit above is ReqReq in ohms, find ⌊103Req⌋⌊103Req⌋.
In the figure below, all resistors have resistance R=1 ΩR=1 Ω. Find the equivalent resistance in Ohms between the points A and O.
How's that for complexity? It's really not though it's taught in first year college "EE."