A theory is an explanatory argument.
What do you think it is explaining? Hint: it is modeling an unambiguous CAUSE -> EFFECT in nature. Do you know what the word for that is?
It doesn't predict anything.
It is nothing more than a prediction in nature. The prediction is the explanation. The scientific method tests the prediction. The scientific method doesn't test any explanations that aren't predictions.
Science MUST be transcribed into a closed functional system like mathematics to gain the power of prediction.
Nope. Science always remains an open functional system. The math is the unambiguous language that makes it falsifiable. In chemistry, chemistry notation is used instead of math.
This is why you find many theories either expressed as an equation, or by using math,
... because they must be falsifiable. You won't find Christianity expressed in math.
creating another theory of science based on that extension of math.
Nope. Science is not falsifiable until it is expressed unambiguously, hence the math, or the chemistry notation, etc.
A model is not a prediction.
The model is the prediction. The prediction is what is being modeled. The math is the formal language that makes it unambiguous.
It is the EQUATION that predicts, and nothing else.
Thank you. The equation is the model, which is the prediction. The math only makes it unfalsifiable.
If I tell you that the Raiders are going to beat the Chargers, the English language isn't the assertion, it is merely the vehicle, proque puedo usar otro idioma para decir que los Raiders desbarratarán a los Chargers y la aseveración no cambiará.
Falsifiability is not mathematics.
Do you know what falsifiability is, and how mathematics provides it?
ANY closed functional system can be used to test a theory.
Incorrect. Kurt Gödel proved that all closed functional systems are incomplete. Anyway, it's totally irrelevant. The scientific method is procedural and is not a closed functional system.
Mathematics is not science.
Mathematics is not peanut butter. Focus on the falsifiability that math provides and you'll be on the right track.