Extraction costs are the cost of extracting oil. If it is above the market cost of oil, then producers will stop producing, or at least try to stop producing. Over time, it will drive producers out of business.
Extraction costs play a part in oil costs, which in turn play a part in gasoline costs, but it does not do anything like what you claim. If a refinery buys oil at $100 a barrel, the oil producers cannot come back at them saying extraction costs were higher, or lower. The price of the oil was $100, and extraction costs do not matter.
Best guess, the highest extraction costs are about $50, and the lowest are about $5, so they are making a lot of money off $110 oil.