Numerous indigenous peoples occupied Alaska for thousands of years before the arrival of European peoples to the area. The
Tlingit people developed a matriarchal society in what is today Southeast Alaska, along with parts of British Columbia and the Yukon. Also in Southeast were the
Haida, now well known for their unique arts, and the
Tsimshian people, whose population were decimated by a smallpox epidemic in the 1860s. The Aleutian Islands are still home to the
Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were among the first native Alaskans to be exploited by Russians. Western and Southwestern Alaska are home to the
Yup'ik, while their cousins the
Alutiiq lived in what is now Southcentral Alaska. The
Gwich’in people of the northern Interior region are primarily known today for their dependence on the caribou within the much-contested
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The North Slope and
Little Diomede Island are occupied by the widespread
Inuit people.