Been posting them since April.
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How are cases reported?
We have three levels of case definition: suspected, probable and confirmed cases. What is measured and reported by governments and international organizations?
International organizations – namely the WHO and European CDC – report case figures submitted by national governments. Wherever possible they aim to report confirmed cases, for two key reasons:
1. They have a higher degree of certainty because they have laboratory confirmation;
2. They held to provide standardised comparisons between countries.
However, international bodies can only provide figures as submitted by national governments and reporting institutions. Countries can define slightly different criteria for how cases are defined and reported.4 Some countries have, over the course of the outbreak, changed their reporting methodologies to also include probable cases.
One example of this is the United States. Until 14th April the US CDC provided daily reports on the number of confirmed cases. However, as of 14th April, it now provides a single figure of cases: the sum of confirmed and probable.
Suspected case figures are usually not reported. The European CDC notes that suspected cases should not be reported at the European level (although countries may record this information for national records) but are used to understand who should be tested for the disease.
https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases?country=~USA#how-are-cases-reported
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ICD-10-CM Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines
April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020
1. Chapter 1: Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00-B99)
g. Coronavirus Infections
1) COVID-19 Infections (Infections due to SARS-CoV-2)
a) Code only confirmed cases
Code only a confirmed diagnosis of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as
documented by the provider, documentation of a positive COVID-19 test result, or a
presumptive positive COVID-19 test result. For a confirmed diagnosis, assign code
U07.1, COVID-19. This is an exception to the hospital inpatient guideline Section II, H.
In this context, “confirmation” does not require documentation of the type of test
performed; the provider’s documentation that the individual has COVID-19 is sufficient.
Presumptive positive COVID-19 test results should be coded as confirmed. A
presumptive positive test result means an individual has tested positive for the virus at a
local or state level, but it has not yet been confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC). CDC confirmation of local and state tests for COVID-19 is no
longer required.