Cash Crunch Drives Wild Moves in Commodities
Commodity traders are being hit by huge cash requests from banks and exchanges, propelling whipsaw moves in markets roiled by sanctions hindering the movement of materials beyond Russia.
The Western sanctions sparked steep price changes by clogging commodity shipments in the Black Sea.
A vicious financial cycle is exacerbating the volatility and could worsen shortages, traders say.
Exchanges and the brokerage arms of banks are demanding big down payments, known as margin, from traders in futures contracts linked to commodities such as oil, wheat and natural gas.
To avoid the expense of holding on to positions in markets, some companies are unwinding trades, fueling further price moves.
“Trade that is not even linked to Russia is getting more and more difficult to finance,” said Sebastien Bruyant, a senior portfolio manager at RiverRock European Capital Partners, which lends to commodity traders and producers.
He said lenders are withdrawing financing from economically fragile countries such as Egypt and Tunisia to hedge against uncertainty over the length of the sanctions and the economic and geopolitical fallout.
Futures are bought and sold by investors to speculate, and by producers and physical traders to lock in prices, known as hedging. Exchanges charge one payment, known as initial margin, when trades are placed to collect collateral. They then call for or return money each day depending on whether the position gains or loses value.
“When you’re trying to trade a market based on sanctions rather than any underlying fundamentals, anyone’s going to find that tricky,” said Greg Newman, chief executive officer of London-based oil-trading firm Onyx Capital Group.
In a letter to governments, regulators and central banks, the European Federation of Energy Traders lobbied for public guarantees so banks would be willing to fund margin calls for traders. A spokeswoman for the group, which says its members include Shell PLC, said Friday that discussions were continuing.
Gains in the price of energy, metals and grain have also disrupted a corner of the banking world known as trade finance.
Kristofer Tremaine, chief investment officer of Kimura Capital LLP, a London-based firm that finances physical trading of metals, energy and agricultural products, says blue-chip energy companies pay 6% or more for a line of credit, compared with between 0.25 and 1% before Russia invaded Ukraine.
Among other factors, he said sanctions on Russian lenders Sberbank and VTB Bank have sapped a key source of funding for commodity traders.
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