New Science Affirms Arctic Region Was 6°C Warmer Than Now 9000 Years Ago

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The Holocene Thermal Maximum around Svalbard, Arctic North Atlantic; molluscs show early and exceptional warmth

Shallow marine molluscs that are today extinct close to Svalbard, because of the cold climate, are found in deposits there dating to the early Holocene. The most warmth-demanding species found, Zirfaea crispata, currently has a northern limit 1000 km farther south, indicating that August temperatures on Svalbard were 6°C warmer at around 10.2–9.2 cal. ka BP, when this species lived there. The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, returned to Svalbard in 2004 following recent warming, and after almost 4000 years of absence, excluding a short re-appearance during the Medieval Warm Period 900 years ago. Mytilus first arrived in Svalbard at 11 cal. ka BP, indicating that the climate was then as least as warm as present. This first warm period lasted from 11 to 9 cal. ka BP and was followed by a period of lower temperatures 9–8.2 cal. ka BP. After 8.2 cal. ka, the climate around Svalbard warmed again, and although it did not reach the same peak in temperatures as prior to 9 ka, it was nevertheless some 4°C warmer than present between 8.2 and 6 cal. ka BP. Thereafter, a gradual cooling brought temperatures to the present level at about 4.5 cal. ka BP. The warm early-Holocene climate around Svalbard was driven primarily by higher insolation and greater influx of warm Atlantic Water, but feedback processes further influenced the regional climate.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/...59683617715701

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Wahlenbergfjord, eastern Svalbard: a glacier‐surrounded fjord reflecting regional hydrographic variability during the Holocene?
Martin Bartels Jürgen Titschack Kirsten Fahl Rüdiger Stein Dierk Hebbeln
First published: 05 June 2018
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12325
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Abstract
Exceptionally high sedimentation rates in Arctic fjords provide the possibility to reconstruct environmental conditions in high temporal resolution during the (pre‐)Holocene. The unique geographical location of Svalbard at the intersection of Arctic and Atlantic waters offers the opportunity to estimate local (mainly glacier‐related) vs. regional (hydrographic) variabilities. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and geochemical data from the very remote, glacier‐surrounded Wahlenbergfjord in eastern Svalbard provides information on glacier dynamics, palaeoceanographic and sea‐ice conditions during the Holocene. The present study illustrates a high meltwater discharge during the summer insolation maximum (c. 11.3–7.7 ka) when the intrusion of upwelled relatively warm Atlantic‐derived waters led to an almost open fjord situation with reduced sea ice in summer. Around 7.7 ka, a rapid hydrographic shift occurred: the dominance of inflowing Atlantic‐derived waters was replaced by a stronger influence of Arctic Water reflecting regional palaeoceanographic conditions evident in the benthic foraminiferal fauna also at Svalbard's margins. Neoglacial conditions characterized the late Holocene (c. 3.1–0.2 ka), when glaciers probably advanced as cold atmospheric temperatures were decoupled from the advection of relatively warm intermediate waters probably caused by an extending sea‐ice coverage. Accordingly, our data show that even a remote, glacier‐proximal study site reflects rapid as well as longer‐term regional changes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/...1111/bor.12325

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Wahlenbergfjord, eastern Svalbard: a glacier‐surrounded fjord reflecting regional hydrographic variability during the Holocene?
Martin Bartels Jürgen Titschack Kirsten Fahl Rüdiger Stein Dierk Hebbeln
First published: 05 June 2018
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12325


Abstract
Exceptionally high sedimentation rates in Arctic fjords provide the possibility to reconstruct environmental conditions in high temporal resolution during the (pre‐)Holocene. The unique geographical location of Svalbard at the intersection of Arctic and Atlantic waters offers the opportunity to estimate local (mainly glacier‐related) vs. regional (hydrographic) variabilities. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and geochemical data from the very remote, glacier‐surrounded Wahlenbergfjord in eastern Svalbard provides information on glacier dynamics, palaeoceanographic and sea‐ice conditions during the Holocene. The present study illustrates a high meltwater discharge during the summer insolation maximum (c. 11.3–7.7 ka) when the intrusion of upwelled relatively warm Atlantic‐derived waters led to an almost open fjord situation with reduced sea ice in summer. Around 7.7 ka, a rapid hydrographic shift occurred: the dominance of inflowing Atlantic‐derived waters was replaced by a stronger influence of Arctic Water reflecting regional palaeoceanographic conditions evident in the benthic foraminiferal fauna also at Svalbard's margins. Neoglacial conditions characterized the late Holocene (c. 3.1–0.2 ka), when glaciers probably advanced as cold atmospheric temperatures were decoupled from the advection of relatively warm intermediate waters probably caused by an extending sea‐ice coverage. Accordingly, our data show that even a remote, glacier‐proximal study site reflects rapid as well as longer‐term regional changes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/...1111/bor.12325

[volsrock]

Inconvenient: new treeline paper suggests temperatures were warmer 9000 years ago
Anthony Watts / May 31, 2018
3 to 4 degrees centigrade warmer, in fact. Far greater than recent warming.

https://wattsupwiththat.com/2018/05/...000-years-ago/

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Inconvenient: new treeline paper suggests temperatures were warmer 9000 years ago
Anthony Watts / May 31, 2018
3 to 4 degrees centigrade warmer, in fact. Far greater than recent warming.

https://wattsupwiththat.com/2018/05/...000-years-ago/

Indeed, there seems to be a consensus forming!

[Jack]

Is this relevant to any fucking thing?

[leaningright]

But...the Polar Bears...

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Is this relevant to any fucking thing?

Why do you bother Jacky? This is all well above your paygrade.

[Jack]

That's a good point, why should I even bother bumping another one of your idiotic threads.

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That's a good point, why should I even bother bumping another one of your idiotic threads.

So you think scientific studies are idiotic, good to know. Aren't you even the least bit curious why temperatures were so much hotter 9000 years when CO2 concentration in the atmosphere was far lower?

[Jack]

I think I saw you holding one of the ropes for the Trump Baby, you bastard!

[Nomad]

Fixed that thread title for you.

Gotta be junk science if Havana Loon buys into it.

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Fixed that thread title for you.

Gotta be junk science if Havana Loon buys into it.

Lol, you're a odd man truly off the wall.

[Bigdog]

New Science Affirms Arctic Region Was 6°C Warmer Than Now 9000 Years Ago

The "sky is falling" Al Gorians should be ... ecstatic that science shows they no longer have to live in constant fear and angst.