Beg to differ about Italian fascism not being racist. Even today the fascists have a seat at the table and Italian law does not allow 2nd gen black people (born in Italy) to be citizens, and at the same time, no less, it allows event tangential claims of expats to Italian ancestry to easily become Italian citizens.
Yes, some born in Italy black people are precluded from citizenship by law and born abroad white people can become citizens. This can be traced to Italian fascist beliefs.
To be Italian, to them, very much means to be white.
Columbia's Robert Paxton lays out a slightly different definition from Griffin's in his book The Anatomy of Fascism, focusing more on the behaviors of fascist governments than on the nature of fascism as a doctrine. Still, he too identifies an anti-democratic core to fascism:
Fascism may be defined as a form of political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation, or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy, and purity, in which a mass-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion. (p. 218)
https://www.vox.com/policy-and-polit...-trump-fascism
That completely ignores the history of Fascism and redefines it as something entirely different. It may not be defined in the way it is above and be Fascism (capital F) versus fascism, some newly defined political term used in a way that has no relationship to the socio-economic political system of Fascism. In other words, the way Paxton is using it is as a made up pejorative likely based on the negative connotation that the word has from history.
lib'ruls are failed citizens.....
Isaiah 6:5
“Woe to me!” I cried. “I am ruined! For I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips, and my eyes have seen the King, the Lord Almighty.”
Mussolini, the Italian father of Fascism, writes that: “..Fascism [is] the complete opposite of…Marxian Socialism, the materialist conception of history of human civilization can be explained simply through the conflict of interests among the various social groups and by the change and development in the means and instruments of production.... Fascism, now and always, believes in holiness and in heroism
https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/engl...%20defined.htm
Like heroically gassing protesters to walk up to a church and hold up the holy Bible.
I do not know how to tease that out with facts at my ready. My guess, and only a guess, is the former, and fascism is a good mechanism to bundle racism in with the other general properties, such as nationalism, jingoism, authoritarian highly centralized power, oppression of out groups such as homosexuals, the sick and mentally ill, constriction of personal freedoms, information control....all those nice things.
Well, such rules aren't that uncommon in the Middle East. All of the Arab states have immigration laws that make it difficult or impossible for a non-Arab to become a citizen. So, my thinking is that it is endemic to Italy since it has survived to the present rather than something inherently Fascist.
So is Communism. So are the more virulent forms of Socialism. All require that power be concentrated in government and the population and economy subject to government rule usually with an iron fist.
Fascism isn't defined by a single act either. Calling for heavy handed suppression of rioters and the mob hardly makes someone a Fascist.
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