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Usually the case with hurricanes before man started driving cars.
And it might not.
Usually the case with hurricanes before man started driving cars. But then again there's the off chance rainfall totals could be really low.
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cancel2 2022 (09-17-2018)
cancel2 2022 (09-17-2018)
Hello anonymoose,
I meant high for a hurricane. All hurricanes do not have the same amount of rain associated with them. A fast moving hurricane typically does not drop as much total rainfall as a slow moving one. Florence became a slow-mover, so rainfall totals are high. Flooding is still going on. Rivers have not crested yet.
Personal Ignore Policy PIP: I like civil discourse. I will give you all the respect in the world if you respect me. Mouth off to me, or express overt racism, you will be PERMANENTLY Ignore Listed. Zero tolerance. No exceptions. I'll never read a word you write, even if quoted by another, nor respond to you, nor participate in your threads. ... Ignore the shallow. Cherish the thoughtful. Long Live Civil Discourse, Mutual Respect, and Good Debate! ps: Feel free to adopt my PIP. It works well.
cancel2 2022 (09-17-2018)
cancel2 2022 (09-17-2018)
These 'predicted changes' either come from cherry picking data, or from outright bad mathematics.
Here's why I say this:
The first and most important number is of course the temperature of the Earth. Without that, the entire argument falls down. The trouble is, it's not possible to measure the temperature of the Earth.
NASA claims the use of 7500 thermometers in their system which they use to measure the Earth's temperature. These thermometers are primarily located in cities and are not uniformly spread over the surface of the Earth. Since location introduces bias in the data, that factor must be eliminated. Cooked data is not allowed in a statistical analysis, so the thermometers must be uniformly scattered across the surface of the Earth. In addition, the Earth spins, weather moves, fronts, move, temperatures change constantly, so time is also a biasing factor. To eliminate that factor, the readings must be taken at the same time (which generally happens anyway).
Among the require calculation for any statistical analysis is the the margin of error. This calculation is taken from the possible variance, not from the data itself. I have personally seen temperature gradients as steep as 20 deg F per mile on several occasions.
The Earth's surface is some 790 million square miles. This means 7500 thermometers spread over the surface of the Earth results in one thermometer for every 105,333 square miles. Even if you we ten times the number that NASA (which is the larger figure between NASA and NOAA), you get one thermometer every 10,533 square miles.
There is no other way to put it than to say they are guessing.
But wait, I hear people cry, satellites can do it! Trouble is, satellites cannot measure temperature.They only measure light. To convert that to temperature requires the use of the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which assumes knowing accurately the temperature of the Earth to measure the emissivity constant. Such satellites are great at measuring relative temperatures, but they suck at measuring absolute temperature, which is what you need if you are going to measure the temperature of the Earth. Further, satellites move. They cannot take any kind of reading at the same time, required for the statistical analysis.
As a result, anyone that tells you the temperature of the Earth is making stuff up. The same thing applies to measuring the global CO2 content (CO2 is not uniformly distributed in the atmosphere), or the total amount of snow and ice on Earth.
For global sea levels, it's even worse. There is no valid reference point. All tidal stations, altimeter beacons, etc. are sitting on land that moves. Land even has a tide, like the oceans, just not as pronounced.
All the data about Earth's temperature, it's precipitation, the global CO2 content, the global contend of snow and ice, or the global ocean levels; is all manufactured data. We just don't have the capability to obtain any of these values.
This is a mathematical problem, not a scientific one. No one, not even NASA or NOAA can measure this stuff.
PoliTalker (09-18-2018)
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Personal Ignore Policy PIP: I like civil discourse. I will give you all the respect in the world if you respect me. Mouth off to me, or express overt racism, you will be PERMANENTLY Ignore Listed. Zero tolerance. No exceptions. I'll never read a word you write, even if quoted by another, nor respond to you, nor participate in your threads. ... Ignore the shallow. Cherish the thoughtful. Long Live Civil Discourse, Mutual Respect, and Good Debate! ps: Feel free to adopt my PIP. It works well.
Personal Ignore Policy PIP: I like civil discourse. I will give you all the respect in the world if you respect me. Mouth off to me, or express overt racism, you will be PERMANENTLY Ignore Listed. Zero tolerance. No exceptions. I'll never read a word you write, even if quoted by another, nor respond to you, nor participate in your threads. ... Ignore the shallow. Cherish the thoughtful. Long Live Civil Discourse, Mutual Respect, and Good Debate! ps: Feel free to adopt my PIP. It works well.
Personal Ignore Policy PIP: I like civil discourse. I will give you all the respect in the world if you respect me. Mouth off to me, or express overt racism, you will be PERMANENTLY Ignore Listed. Zero tolerance. No exceptions. I'll never read a word you write, even if quoted by another, nor respond to you, nor participate in your threads. ... Ignore the shallow. Cherish the thoughtful. Long Live Civil Discourse, Mutual Respect, and Good Debate! ps: Feel free to adopt my PIP. It works well.
This isn't a science problem. It's a math problem.
Science is even involved here. Science is not data. It is a set of falsifiable theories. Both observations and the data generated by them are subject to the problems of phenomenology. They are evidence only.
The problem here is there is no data in the first place. Mathematically, it is not possible to produce such data using the instrumentation we have today.
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